Method of telautographic transmission.



No. 668,895. Patented-fren. 2s, |901..

G. S. TIFFANY. #ETI-40D 0F TELAUTUGRAPHIC TRANSMISSIGN.

(Applieatiqn med nec. 21,1900.,

TH: Norms Pzzns co, vwcrczmwov4 WASHINGTON. n` c `Pa'nanuad Feb. 2'6, I90I.

No. 66S,895.

l G. s'. TIFFANY. mamon '0F TeLAuT'oGnAPHIc TRAusmssloN.

(Applimion sled Dec. 21, 1900.1 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

VN k m S R LS., TV M r N5 TN..

No. 668,895. Patented Feb. 26, |90I. l

G. S. TIFFANY.

METHOD 0F TELUTDGRAPHIC TRANSMISSION.

(Apg-linnen med mc. 21, 1900. 1 (No Model.) A

3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

nu i

Unrrn GEORGE S. TIFFANY, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE GRAY NATIONAL TELAUTOGRAPH COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

METHOD OF TELAUTOGRAPHIC TRANSMISSION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 668,895, dated February 26, 1901.

Application filed December 21, 1900. Serial No. 40,636. (No model.)

To MZ zul/tom, t may concern: and Fig. 3 is a modified form of transmitting Be it known that I, GEORGE S. TIFFANY, a instrument, hereinafter fully described. citizen of the United States, residing in the Referring to said drawings, A represents borough of Brooklyn, county of Kings, and the writing-platen, and B the transmitting- 5 State of New York, have invented certain tracer, which is carried by a pair of hinged 55 p new and useful Improvements in Methods of arms 2 3, connected to drums 4 5 by cords 6, TelautographicTransmission,fully described wound around said drums and secured at and represented in the following specificatheir ends to said arms, so that as the transtion and the accompanying drawings, formmittingtracer B is moved in writing and .1o ing a part of the same. caused to assume different positions along 6o This invention relates to improvements in the writing-surface the drums 4 5 are corremethods of telautographic transmission. spondingly rotated. As the drums 4 5 are One branch of the present invention rethus rotated currents of varyingstrength are lates to a method for varying the strength of sent over line to the receiving instrument,

.15 the current sent to line in telautographic syswhich cause a pair ot' drums 7 8 at the receiv- 65 tems of that class in which the movements of ing instrument to rotate in unison with the the receiving-pen in unison with the transdrums 4 5, all as hereinafter more fully demitting-tracer are effected by variations in scribed, and as thus rotated to in turn cause the strength of the current sent to line from the receiving-pen C (which is carried by arms .zo the transmitting instrument to the receiv- 9 10, connected to drums 7 S by cords 11, as 7o ing instrument, such variations in current in the case ofthetransmitting-tracer) tomove strength being in turn effected by and correin unison with the transmitting-tracer and to spending to the movements of the transmitreproduce at the receiving instrument the tirar-tracer.` writing produced or traced by the transmit- .25 Another branch of the present invention ting-tracer at the transmitting-station,the re- 75 relates to a method of reducing the friction in ceiving-platen in this case being of the subthe moving parts connected with the receivstantially vertical type.

ing-pen in telautographio systems of the class The main-line circuits from the transmitabove referred to by vibrating such parts ting instrument to the receiving instrument 5o while the transmitting and receiving instruwill now be described. 8o

ments are i'n circuit, whereby such parts are With the master-switch D in closing posicaused to move freely and smoothly and as a tion, as shown, the circuit from the left-hand consequence with greater accuracy in reproside of the transmitting instrument consists duciug the movements of the transmittingof wire a, leading from an arm 12, rotating '55 tracer. with the drum 4, to the secondary windings 85 Another branch of the present invention of an induction-coil N, (introduced into this relates to a method of controlling the movecircuit for a purpose hereinafter explained,) ments of the receiving-pen to and from its wire d', leading from said coil to contact-plate writing-surface as the transmitting-pen is 13 on master-switch D, contact-brush 14, rest- .',o moved by the operator in these directions. ing on said plate, wire a2, passing through a 9o In the accompanyingdrawingsis illustrated relay P and leading to a rectilinearly-movtelautographic apparatus of the class above able coil F on the left-hand side of the receivreterred to suitable for practicing the several ing instrument, and wires g g, leading thence methods of the present invention and which to ground at G. The circuit from the right- .;3 will now be described in detail. hand side of the transmittinginstrument con- 95 In said drawings,Figure lillustrates,partly sists of Wire b, leading from arm l2, rotating in diagram, the transmitting instrument. with drum 5, to contact-plate 13b of masterlf illusirates a modification of the appaswitch D, contact-brush 14h, Wire b', leading ratus shown in Fig. l. Fig. 2 illustrates, to a polarized relay S on the right-hand side 5o partly in diagram, the receiving instrument; of the receiving instrument, Wire b2, leading too from said relay to a rectilinearly-movable coil F', (corresponding to coil vF on the lefthand side,) and wire g g', leading from said coil to earth at Gf.

Current is supplied to the main-line circuits, just described, from two local circuits at the transmitting-station which are independent of the main-line circuits and which include a source of electric energy, as a battery H, and two preferably arc-shaped plates I I', through which current is supplied to the left and right hand main-line circuits, respectively, from said independent circuits. These arc-shaped plates I I' are mounted below the drums Lt 5, so as to be engaged by contacts, as brushes 15, carried by the rotating arms 12, through which brushes and arms currents are shunted into the main circuits, which Vary in strength according to the positions of said brushes 15 between the ends of said plates I I', as will presently appear. These independent current-supplying circuits will now be described. 4With the master-switch D in the position in which it is shown in 1 the negative pole of the battery H is connected by wire h, contact-brush 16a, contactplate 17' on the master-switch, and wires h' h2 to the terminals t' of the arc-shaped plates I I', while the positive pole of t-he battery H is connected by wire h3, contact-brush 16, contact-plate 17 on the master-switch D, and wires h4 h5 to the opposite terminals t2 of the arc-shaped plates I I'. The positive pole ot' the battery H is grounded at G', when the master-switch D is in the position shown, by Wire h6, connected to contact-spring 18a, contacting with plate 17, brush 16, and wire h3, so that with the parts in the positions shown in Fig. 1 a currentis passing through each of these independent circuits from the negative pole of battery H and through the plates I I', the brushes 15, and rotating arms 12 to the main-line circuits leading to the receiving instrument. The strength of thecurrents delivered from these independent circuits to t-he main-line circuits will, as before stated, depend upon the position of the brushes l5 relatively to the terminals t" t2 of the plates I I', since the nearer these brushes are to the terminals 'Il' of said plates the greater the voltage between the brushes 15 and the opposite terminals t2 of said plates or ground, and

' vice versa, or, in other words, if we assume tion it results thatas the arms 12 are rotated with the drums 4 5 by the movement of the transmitting-tracer the brushes 15 are caused to assume different positions relatively to the terminals 7l' 2 of the plates I I' and to shunt into the main-line circuits currents which vary in strength in accordance with the positions thus assumed by the brushes, the strength of such currents increasing as the brushes 15 approach the terminals 1l' of said plates and decreasing as they approach the terminals t2 thereof.

The members-namely, the plates I I and contacts l5, through which currents are supplied from the` independent circuits to the main-line circuits-may be of any material suitable for the purpose; but I prefer that the members I I should be of some high-resistance material-such, forexample, as carbonas if such members were of low resistance they might soon be destroyed by the heat of the'current passing through them from the battery I-I.

The devices provided at the receiving instrument for controlling the movements of the receiving-pen, and which are in turn controlled in the extent of their movements in accordance with the strength of the currents shunted into the main-line circuits from the independent circuits at the transmitting instrument, consist of the movable coils F F', before referred to, and th ree electromagnets J J' J2, providing suitable magnetic fields for the movement of said coils. These coils are preferably mounted so as to move vertically, as shown, relatively to the core and poles of their magnets, vertical movement of thel coils being preferred, because thereby the connections between them and the receiving-pen are much simplified and the friction of the moving parts is very much reduced. The magnets J J J2 rest upon a heel-iron K, with a pole-piece L secured to the top of the corej of the central magnet J', said pole-piece L being provided near its ends with openings l, inclosing the coresjl of the end magnets J J2 and providing space around said cores for the movement vertically of the coils F F', consisting of insulated wire wound, preferably, upon a thin metallic tube (preferably copper) secured to a frame f and fitting loosely over the coresj, so as to slide freely thereon, the openings Z also being of sufficient size to permit such free movement. It will be observed from this construction that each 0f the coils F F' surrounds one polar extremity of its magnet J or J2 and is in turn inclosed or embraced by the pole-pieces of opposite` polarity-namely, the pole-piece L. The coils F F' are suspended from the pen-arm drums 7 8 or the shafts thereof, as shown, (which are horizontal, or substantially so,) by means of cords 17, secured at their lower ends to the frame f and wound around said pen -arm drums or their shafts, so that as the coils F F' are moved downwardly they tend to rotate the peu arm drums 7 8 in one direction against the tension of springs 18, connected by cords 19 to the pen-arm drums or the shafts thereof, and which tend to rotate said drums in the opposite direction. The electromagnets J J' J2 are excited separately from coils IOO ceases F F by the following circuit-wires m m', leading from the negative pole of a local battery M, coils of magnets J J' J2, wire m2, contact m3, armature s of the relay S, and wire m4 t0 the positive pole of battery M.

The operation of the apparatus as thus far described is as follows: Assuming the masterswitch D to be in the position in which it is shown in Fig. 1 and the transmitting-tracer and receiving-pen to be in Writing position upon the paper, as the transmitting-tracer is moved by the operator in writing the drums 1 5 are rotated through the connections described in one direction orthe other and to an extent dependent upon the direction and extent of movement of the transmitting-tracer and its arms 2 8. As the drnms 4 5 are thus rotated the arms 12,1'otati1i1gtherewith, will move their brushes l5 over the peripheries of the are-shaped plates I I'. thus causing said brushes toassume different positions relatively to the two terminals t" 2 of said plates. As the brushes 15 are thus moved over the peripheries of the plates I Il cnrrents of varying strength are shunted into the nlaiirline circuits from the left-hand side of the transmitter through wire a, secondary winding of induction-coil N, wire a', plate 13, contact-brush 14e, wire a2, coil F, and wires g g to ground and from the right-hand side of the transmitter through wire b, plate 13b, contact-brush leb, wire b, relay S, Wire b2, coil F, and wires g g' to ground. As such currents are sent over the main-line circuits they will, in passing through the coils F FQ cause the latter to assume different positions vertically in their magnetic elds in accordance with the strength of the currents, and thus effect rotation of the pen-arm drums 7 8 and movement of the receiving-pen C in unison with the drums 4 5 and the transmitting-tracer, respectively, it being understood that when currents of increased strength are shunted into the mainline circuits by the movement of the brushes l5 toward the terminals t" of the plates I I' the coils F F will be drawn downwardly, and thus through their cords 17 rotate the pen-arm drums 7 8, and that when currents of decreased strength are shunted into the main-line circuits by the movement of the brushes l5 toward the terminals i2 of the plates I l' the pull of the coils F F upon the pen-arm drums 7 8 will be relaxed and such pen-arm drums then rotated in the opposite direction and the coils F F' moved upwardlyin their magnetic fields by the springs 18. In this operation it will be observed that the magnets J J2 act by attraction to move the coils F F to actuate the receiving-pen; but the operation of the magnets might be reversed-that is to say, these magnets might act repulsively upon these coils to so move them.

The pen-lifting mechanism and circuits for operating the same, controlled from the transmitting instrument provided by the present invention, will now be described. This penlifting mechanism in the form shown in Figs. 1 and 2 consists of a magnet O, the armature o of which is provided with a pen-supporting arm o', which when the armature ois released by the magnet O engages the pen-arm 9 and moves the receiving-pen C from the paper. The magnet O is energized from a local circuit consisting of Wires m 02 03, leading from the negative pole of battery M, wire 04, spring o5, pivoted arm o, contact o7, the armature p of a relay P, which is in series with the main-line Wire a?, wire o8, leading from the armature p to Wire m2 and contact m3, armature s of relay S, and wire m4 to the positive pole of battery M. The condition of this local circuit, and through it the condition of the magnet O, is controlled so as to effect the movement of the receivingpen to and from the writing-surface by the transmitting-platen A in the following manner: During the Writing operation and while the platen A is in the depressed position in which it is shown in Fig. 1 the relay P, being energized by the main-line circuit a2, will attract its armature p. The pivoted arm o6 of the local circuit ot' the magnet O, however, will follow the armaturep, being held in contact therewith by the spring 05, thus maintaining the local circuit of the magnet O closed. With this local circuit closed the magnet O is energized, attracting its armature 0 and moving the pen-supporting arm 0 out of supporting position, With the result that the receiving-pen C is moved into contact with the writing-surface. When the transmittitlg-tracer is raised from the writing-platen A, the latter rises and engages a contact n', and thus closes a local circuit from the. negative pole of the battery H through wire h, contact-brush 16, plate 17a, wires h' h2 n2, vibrator n3, wire n4, primary winding of induction-coil N, and wire W5 to the writing-platen and thence by wires n h5 h4, contact-plate 17, contact-brush 16, and Wire h3 tothe positive pole of battery H. As this circuit is thus closed the interrupter or vibrator n3 is attracted by coil N, so as to be moved away from contact nl' of Wire n2, thus breaking this local circuit, when the vibrator n3 moves away from the coil N and again engages contact 717, restablishing the circuit and so on so long as the platen A remains in its raised position. Vibrator-y currents are thus induced upon the left-hand main-line wire a2 and through relay P by the induction-coil N, thus vibrating the armature p of said relay. The rate or strength of vibration of the armature p of relay P is greater than that of which the pivoted arm oG is capable, so that the latter cannot then make effective contact therewith, and the current through the local circuit of magnet 0 is therefore repeatedly interrupted during the vibration of armature l), with the result that the average strength of current through magnet O is diminished to such an extent as to cause said magnet to release its armature 0. As

the armature o is thus released the pen-supporting arm o is moved by a spring o9 into supporting position, thus raising the receiving-pen from the paper. These vibratory currents through the relay P continue as long as the transmitting-tracer is out of contact with the platen A and the latter remains in its raised position. As soon, however, as the transmitting-tracer is returned to engagement with the platen A the latter is depressed out of engagement with contact n, when the local circuit through the vibrator n3 will be broken and the vibratory currents through the relay P cease, thus reclosing the local circuit from the battery M through magnet O by the engagement of the pivoted arm o6 with the armature p of relay P, the magnet O then attractingits armature o and withdrawing arm o from supporting position, when the receiving-pen will move into contact with the paper. The vibrator-y currents thus sent over line may, as before stated, and do serve also the function or" vibrating the moving parts connected with the receiving-pen. Mechanical means are also provided for this purpose, which will presently be described, and means are also provided, which Will also be described, whereby the currents sent over both line-Wires are constantly interrupted throughout the time the transmitting instru mentand receivinginstrument are in circuit for the same purpose.

After the writing operation is completed, or when it is desired to shift the paper at the receiving end, the master-switch D will be moved in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. l, so as to bring four insulated plates d,borne by the switclninto engagement with the brushes 14E 14h 16 16a 18,-thus opening the main-line circuits. Before the switch D reaches this position, however, the mainline wires b' and 0.2 will be momentarily connected to the positive and negative poles, respectively, of the battery H through contactplates 17 and 17a, respectively, thus reversing in polarity the current over right linewire b to what it was during the writing operation, with the result that the armature S of relay S will be biased away from contact 'm3 and against a contact '/"7, thus opening the local circuits in the receiver and closing the paper-shifting circuit at the receiving end. (Not shown.) W'hen the main-line circuits a2 and b are thus opened by the master-switch D, the coils F F are deenergized and then moved upwardly through their magnetic elds by the springs 18, which also rotate the pen-arm'drums 7 8 and through the pen-arms 9 l0 move the receiving-pen to its unisonpoint, Where it may be inked in any suitable manner-as, for example, as described in my applications tiled October 19, l900,Serial Nos. 33,589 and 33,590.

Any suitable form of paper-shifting mechanism may be employed at the receiving instrumentfor shitting the paper after the completion of a line of writing orat other desired times. A convenient form of mechanism for this purpose controlled by the armature s of relay S and one which is commonly used in telautographs is shown and described in my applications before referred to.

In order to secure accurate movement of the receiving-pen in a telautographic apparatus such as that shown in unison with the transmitting-tracer, it is necessary that the devices provided at the receiving instrument for controlling the movement ot' the receiving-pen should move with as little friction as possible, and I have discovered that the friction between these moving parts can be very materially reduced if such moving parts be subjected vto vibration during the writing operation. In Fig. 2 of the drawings I have shown means for Vso vibrating these moving parts controlled from the transmittinginstrument, which means will now be described. The means shown for this purposein Figs. l and 2 consist of a light resilient rod if, of suitable material,connecting the bearings of the pen-arm drums 7 8 and which is kept in a constant state of lvibration during the writing operation,and while the armature s of the relay S is against the contact m3, by means of a magnet T, connected to the negative pole of battery M by wires m o2 17, rod t, contact t2 and wire t5 and to the positive pole of said battery by wire m4, armature s of relay S, contact m3, wires m2 o8, armature p ot relay P and Wire t4, leading from said armature to the magnet T. This local circuit for the magnet T is controlled by the armature s and master-switch D, so that when said armature is against the contact m3 the circuit from battery M to magnetT is closed, and this is the condition of this circuit throughout the writing operation and so long as the master-switch D remains in the position shown in Fig. l. When this local circuit is thus closed, the rod t is kept constantly in a state of vibration by the magnet T, such rod when attracted by the magnet T moving` away from contact t2, thus opening the circuit from battery M to magnet T and when released by the magnet reengaging contact t2 and reclosing this circuit, and so on so long as the writing operation continues, and the armature s remains in the position in which it is shown in Fig. 2. Vhen the armature s is moved from this position and biased against the contact rl by the movement of the master-switch D in the direction of the arrow in Fig. l, as hereinbefore described, this local circuit, like the other local circuits before described, is opened.

In Fig. 3 is shown another way of vibrating the moving parts in the receivinginstrument during all the time the transmitting' and receivi ng instruments are in circuit, which may be used in place of or in addition to the rod t and the electrical devices in the receiving instrument described for vibrating said rod. In the construction shown in this ligure the induction-coil N has two secondary windings, one connected by wire Ct to the arm 12 at the IIO left-hand side ot the machine and b v wire a' to the contact-plate I3 and by contactbrush 14:, thence to mainline wire (t2, and the other by wire t3 to the arm 12 at the right-hand side of the transmitter and by wire d to contact-plate 13b and by contact-brush 14", thence to the main-line circuit ZJ, the two main-line wires d2 and b' being thus connected in series with the secondary windings ot' the induction-coil N. The negative pole ct' the battery H is connected by wire h, brush 16, contact-plate 17, wires h h2 hi, vibratormagnet WV, Wire w, contact w', vibrator to2, and wires w3 to one terminal ot' the primary winding of the induction-coil N, while the positive pole of said battery is connected by wire 71,3, contact-brush 16, con tact-plate 17, wire h4, and wire hs to the opposite terminal of the primary winding of said induction-coil.

The operation ot the apparatus of Fig. 3 as thus far described is as follows: With the masterswitch D in the position shown, a negative current is on line from battery H through the secondary windings of the induction-coil N to the main-line wires a2 b', and the battery H is also in circuit with the vibrator-magnet W, with the result that the vibrator w2 is vibrated by said magnet into and out ot' engagement with contact tu of said wire tu, thus making and breaking the circuit from battery H through the primary Winding of the induction-coil N and inducing vibratory currents in the secondary windings of the induction-coil N and main-line wires t2 b', which vibratory currents cause coils F F and the other moving parts connected with the receiving-pen to vibrate, as heretofore described in connection with Figs. 1 and 2. These vibratory currents continue so long as the master-switch D 'remains in the position shownin Fig. 3 and whether the writingplaten A be depressed or elevated, with this dilerence, however, that in the elevated position of the platen such vibratory currents have greater strength than when said writing plat-en is depressed,means being provided, under the control of the writing-platen A, whereby when the writing-platen is depressed the strength of such vibratory currents is reduced, as will presently be described. The vibrato ry currents traversing the main-line wires 61,2 b' when the writing-platen A is in its elevated position are of such strength as to cause the necessary vibration of the armature p of relay P, Fig. 2, to diminish the current passing through the magnet O, so that the armature of the latter will be held away from it by the spring ogand the pen-supporting arm 0' moved into position to maintain the receiving-pen out of contact with the paper. Upon the depression of the writing-platen A by the pres sure of the transmitting-tracer, however, it engages a contact thus closing a branch circuit consisting ot wires 0c hs, primary winding of induction-coil N, wires w3 003, and the writing-platen, thus introducing a resistance X around the primary winding of the induction-coil which reduces the strength of the vibratory currents through the primary winding ot the induction-coil N, and consequently the strength of the vibratory currents induced in the secondary windings of said inductioncoil and traversing the main-line Wires a2 b', these vbratory currents traversing the mainline wires a2 b being so reduced in strength as to diminish the Vibration of the armature p of relay P, and thus extend the duration of contact between said armature p and pivoted arm o6, with the result that currents of sufficientstrength are sent from battery M through the magnet O to energize it, so that it will attract its armature and withdraw the pen-arm support 0' from supporting position, thus causing the receiving-pen to move into contact with the writing-surface, in which position it remains so long as the Writing-platen A is in its depressed position.

The same result of continuous vibration of the current traversing a line-wire obtained in Fig. 3 may be attained on one line-wirenamely, line wire ctQ-in the construction shown in Fig. 1 by connecting upa resist-A ance Y, as shown in Fig. l, to wire a5 and wire n, so that vibrating currents will be sent over line in both the raised and lowered positions of the platen, such currents being weaker in the lowered position of the platen by reason of the shunting of the resistance Y into the primary winding of induction-coil N in this position of the platen.

The several features of the present invention are not limited to the precise construction and arrangement of devices described, and many modifications and changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit ot'v this invention.

The apparatus disclosed by this application is not claimed herein, but forms the subject matter of applications tiled by me October 19, 1900, Serial Nos. 33,589 and 33,590.

l. The method of transmitting telautographic messages which consists in shunting into the main-line circuit from an independent circuit including a source of electric energy, currents varying in strength in accordance with the movements of the transmittingtracer', and controlling the movements of the receiving-pen by such currents, substantially as described.

2. The method of transmitting telautographic messages which consists in shunting into the main-line circuit, from an independent circuit including a source of electric energy, currents varying in strength in accordance with the movements of the transmittingtracer, controlling the movements of the receiving-pen by such currents, and Vibrating the moving parts connected with the receiving-pen to reduce friction, substantially as described.

3. The method of transmitting telautographic messages which consists in shunting into the main-line circuit, from an independent circuit including a source of electric energy, currents varying in strength in accordance With the movements of the transmittingtracer, controlling the movements of the receiving-pen by such currents, and vibrating the moving parts connected with the receiving-pen, throughout the time the transmitting and receiving instruments are in circuit, to reduce friction, substantially as described.

4. The method of transmitting telautographic messages which consists in shunting into the main-line circuit, from an independent circuit including a source of electric energy, currents varying in strength in accordance with the movements ot' the transmittingtracer, controlling the movements of the receiving-pen by such currents, producing vibrations in such currents, and through such vibrations vibrating the moving parts connected with the receiving-pen to reduce friction, substantially as described.

5. The method of transmitting telautographic messages Which consists in shunting into the main-line circuit, from an independent circuit including a source of electric energy, currents varying in strength in accordance with the movements of the transmittingtracer, controlling the movements of the receiving-pen by such currents, producing vibrations in such currents throughout the time the transmitting and receiving instruments are in circuit, and through such vibrations vibrating the moving parts connected with the receiving-pen to reduce friction, su bstautially as described.

6. The method of transmitting telautographic messages which consists in shunting into the main-line circuit, from an independent circuit including a source of electric energy, currents varying in strength in accordance with the movements of the transmittingtracer, controlling the movements of the receiving-pen by such currents, producing by means of the transmitting-tracer on one of its movements to and'frm its writing-surface vibrations in said currents, and through such vibrations effecting a corresponding movement of the receiving-pen, substantially as described.

7. The method of transmitting telautographic messages Which consists in shnnting into the main-line circuit, from an independent circuit including a source ot' electric euergy, currents varying in strength in accordance with the movements ofthe transmittingtracer, controlling the movements of the receiving-pen by such currents, producing, by means of the transmitting-tracer on its movement from its Writing-surface, vibrations in said currents, and through such vibrations eiectiug acorresponding movement of the receiving-pen, substantially as described.

8. The method of transmitting telautographic messages which consists in shunting into the main-line circuit, from an independent circuit including a source of electric energy, currents varying in strength in accordance with the movements of the transmittingtracer7 controlling the movements of the receiving-pen by such currents, producing vibrations in such currents throughout the time the transmitting and receiving instruments are in circuit, through such vibrations vibrating the moving parts connected with the receiving-pen, causing, by means ot` the transmitting-tracer as it is moved to and from its Writing-surface, changes in the strength of such vibrations, and through such changes effecting corresponding movements of the receiving-peu, substantially described.

9. The method of transmitting telautographic messages which consists in causing currents varying in strength in accordance with the movements of the transmittingtracer to traverse the main line, controlling the movements of the receiving-pen by such currents, producing vibrations in such currents throughout the time the transmitting and receiving instruments are in circuit, through such vibrations vibrating the moving parts connected with the receiving-pen, causing, by means of the transmitting-tracer as it is moved to and from its writing-surface, changes in the strength of such vibrations, and through such changes effecting corresponding movements of the receiving-pen, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence ot' two subscribing Witnesses.

GEORGE S. TIFFANY.

Vtitnesses:

T. F. KEHOE, S. WINTHAL. 

